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NOTICE: This version of the NSF Unidata web site (archive.unidata.ucar.edu) is no longer being updated.
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The only unit in the error messages that should have been in the default unit database is "newton". I apologize for leaving out that unit. I've enclosed a new version of the file "visad/data/units/DefaultUnitsDB.java" -- one that contains an entry for "newton". I suggest that you compile it and place the resulting class file somewhere in your Java classpath before the regular VisAD class files. Please let me know of any difficulties. The next release of VisAD should have "newton" in the default units database. Regards, Steve Emmerson <http://www.unidata.ucar.edu>
/*
* Copyright 1999, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
* See file LICENSE for copying and redistribution conditions.
*
* $Id: DefaultUnitsDB.java,v 1.2 2001/05/02 15:13:02 steve Exp $
*/
package visad.data.units;
import visad.BaseUnit;
import visad.DerivedUnit;
import visad.OffsetUnit;
import visad.SI;
import visad.ScaledUnit;
import visad.Unit;
import visad.UnitException;
/**
* Default units database.
*
* This database knows about approximately 500 different units. Users
* can also add new units to the database at runtime.
*
* The basis for this units database is the International System of Units
* (SI).
*
* This is a singleton class.
*/
public final class
DefaultUnitsDB
extends UnitTable
{
/**
* The singleton instance of this class.
*/
private static DefaultUnitsDB db;
/**
* The unit prefix names in order of lexicographic length:
*/
protected final UnitPrefix[] prefixNames
{
new UnitPrefix("centi", 1e-2),
new UnitPrefix("femto", 1e-15),
new UnitPrefix("hecto", 1e2),
new UnitPrefix("micro", 1e-6),
new UnitPrefix("milli", 1e-3),
new UnitPrefix("yocto", 1e-24),
new UnitPrefix("yotta", 1e24),
new UnitPrefix("zepto", 1e-21),
new UnitPrefix("zetta", 1e21),
new UnitPrefix("atto", 1e-18),
new UnitPrefix("deca", 1e1), // Spelling according to "ISO 2955:
// Information processing --
// Representation of SI and other units
// in systems with limited character
// sets"
new UnitPrefix("deci", 1e-1),
new UnitPrefix("deka", 1e1), // Spelling according to "ASTM
// Designation: E 380 - 85: Standard
// for METRIC PRACTICE", "ANSI/IEEE Std
// 260-1978 (Reaffirmed 1985): IEEE
// Standard Letter Symbols for Units of
// Measurement", and NIST Special
// Publication 811, 1995 Edition:
// "Guide for the Use of the
// International System of Units (SI)".
new UnitPrefix("giga", 1e9), // 1st syllable pronounced "jig"
// according to "ASTM Designation: E
// 380 - 85: Standard for METRIC
// PRACTICE".
new UnitPrefix("kilo", 1e3),
new UnitPrefix("mega", 1e6),
new UnitPrefix("nano", 1e-9),
new UnitPrefix("peta", 1e15),
new UnitPrefix("pico", 1e-12),
new UnitPrefix("tera", 1e12),
new UnitPrefix("exa", 1e18),
};
/**
* The unit prefix symbols in order of lexicographic length:
*/
protected final UnitPrefix[] prefixSymbols
{
new UnitPrefix("da", 1e1),
new UnitPrefix("E", 1e18),
new UnitPrefix("G", 1e9),
new UnitPrefix("M", 1e6),
new UnitPrefix("P", 1e15),
new UnitPrefix("T", 1e12),
new UnitPrefix("Y", 1e24),
new UnitPrefix("Z", 1e21),
new UnitPrefix("a", 1e-18),
new UnitPrefix("c", 1e-2),
new UnitPrefix("d", 1e-1),
new UnitPrefix("f", 1e-15),
new UnitPrefix("h", 1e2),
new UnitPrefix("k", 1e3),
new UnitPrefix("m", 1e-3),
new UnitPrefix("n", 1e-9),
new UnitPrefix("p", 1e-12),
new UnitPrefix("u", 1e-6),
new UnitPrefix("y", 1e-24),
new UnitPrefix("z", 1e-21),
};
/**
* Constructs a default, units database.
*
* @throws UnitException Something went wrong in generating a unit
* for the database. This should not occur and
* indicates an internal inconsistancy.
*/
private
DefaultUnitsDB()
throws UnitException
{
/*
* Create a unit table of the proper size. Because
* increasing the size might be expensive, the initial
* size should be kept in sync with the actual number of
* entries (e.g. in vi:
* :.,$w !egrep 'pn\(' | wc -l (times 2 plus)
* :.,$w !egrep '(put|px)\(' | wc -l
* :.,$w !egrep 'ps\(' | wc -l
*/
super(677, 98);
/*
* The base units:
*/
put(SI.ampere);
put(SI.candela);
put(SI.kelvin);
put(SI.kilogram);
put(SI.meter);
put(SI.mole);
put(SI.second);
put(SI.radian);
put(SI.steradian);
/*
* Constants:
*/
ps("%", new ScaledUnit(0.01));
pn("percent", "%");
pn("PI", new ScaledUnit(Math.PI));
pn("bakersdozen", new ScaledUnit(13));
pn("pair", new ScaledUnit(2));
pn("ten", new ScaledUnit(10));
pn("dozen", new ScaledUnit(12));
pn("score", new ScaledUnit(20));
pn("hundred", new ScaledUnit(100));
pn("thousand", new ScaledUnit(1.0e3));
pn("million", new ScaledUnit(1.0e6));
// NB: "billion" is ambiguous (1e9 in U.S. but 1e12 in U.K.)
/*
* NB: All subsequent definitions must be given in terms of
* earlier definitions. Forward referencing is not permitted.
*/
/*
* The following are non-base units of the fundamental quantities
*/
/*
* UNITS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
*/
pn("amp", "ampere");
pn("abampere", get("A").scale(10)); // exact
pn("gilbert", get("A").scale(7.957747e-1));
pn("statampere", get("A").scale(3.335640e-10));
pn("biot", "abampere");
/*
* UNITS OF LUMINOUS INTENSITY
*/
pn("candle", "candela");
/*
* UNITS OF THERMODYNAMIC TEMPERATURE
*/
px("degree kelvin", "K");
px("degrees kelvin", "K");
ps("degK", "K");
px("degreeK", "K");
px("degreesK", "K");
px("deg K", "K");
px("degree K", "K");
px("degrees K", "K");
ps("Cel", new OffsetUnit(273.15, (BaseUnit)get("K")));
pn("celsius", "Cel");
px("degree celsius", "Cel");
px("degrees celsius", "Cel");
pn("centigrade", "Cel");
px("degree centigrade", "Cel");
px("degrees centigrade","Cel");
px("degC", "Cel");
px("degreeC", "Cel");
px("degreesC", "Cel");
px("deg C", "Cel");
px("degree C", "Cel");
px("degrees C", "Cel");
//ps("C", "Cel"); // `C' means `coulomb'
pn("rankine", get("K").scale(1/1.8));
px("degree rankine", "rankine");
px("degrees rankine", "rankine");
px("degR", "rankine");
px("degreeR", "rankine");
px("degreesR", "rankine");
px("deg R", "rankine");
px("degree R", "rankine");
px("degrees R", "rankine");
//ps("R", "rankine"); // "R" means "roentgen"
pn("fahrenheit", get("Rankine").shift(459.67));
px("degree fahrenheit", "fahrenheit");
px("degrees fahrenheit","fahrenheit");
px("degF", "fahrenheit");
px("degreeF", "fahrenheit");
px("degreesF", "fahrenheit");
px("deg F", "fahrenheit");
px("degree F", "fahrenheit");
px("degrees F", "fahrenheit");
//ps("F", "fahrenheit"); // "F" means "farad"
/*
* UNITS OF MASS
*/
pn("assay ton", get("kg").scale(2.916667e-2));
pn("avoirdupois ounce", get("kg").scale(2.834952e-2));
pn("avoirdupois pound", get("kg").scale(4.5359237e-1)); // exact
pn("carat", get("kg").scale(2e-4));
ps("gr", get("kg").scale(6.479891e-5)); // exact
ps("g", get("kg").scale(1e-3)); // exact
pn("long hundredweight",get("kg").scale(5.080235e1));
ps("tne", get("kg").scale(1e3)); // exact
pn("pennyweight", get("kg").scale(1.555174e-3));
pn("short hundredweight",
get("kg").scale(4.535924e1));
pn("slug", get("kg").scale(14.59390));
pn("troy ounce", get("kg").scale(3.110348e-2));
pn("troy pound", get("kg").scale(3.732417e-1));
pn("amu", get("kg").scale(1.66054e-27));
pn("scruple", get("gr").scale(20));
pn("apdram", get("gr").scale(60));
pn("apounce", get("gr").scale(480));
pn("appound", get("gr").scale(5760));
pn("gram", "g"); // was "gravity"
pn("tonne", "tne");
px("metric ton", "tne");
pn("apothecary ounce", "troy ounce");
pn("apothecary pound", "troy pound");
pn("pound", "avoirdupois pound");
pn("metricton", "tne");
ps("grain", "gr");
pn("atomicmassunit", "amu");
pn("atomic mass unit", "amu");
ps("t", "tne");
ps("lb", "avoirdupois pound");
pn("bag", get("pound").scale(94));
pn("short ton", get("pound").scale(2000));
pn("long ton", get("pound").scale(2240));
pn("ton", "short ton");
pn("shortton", "short ton");
pn("longton", "long ton");
/*
* UNITS OF LENGTH
*/
pn("angstrom", get("m").scale(1e-10));
pn("au", get("m").scale(1.495979e11));
pn("fermi", get("m").scale(1e-15)); // exact
pn("light year", get("m").scale(9.46073e15));
pn("micron", get("m").scale(1e-6)); // exact
pn("mil", get("m").scale(2.54e-5)); // exact
pn("nautical mile", get("m").scale(1.852000e3)); // exact
pn("parsec", get("m").scale(3.085678e16));
pn("printers point", get("m").scale(3.514598e-4));
pn("metre", "m");
px("prs", "parsec");
/*
* God help us! There's an international foot and a US survey foot and
* they're not the same!
*/
// US Survey foot stuff:
px("US survey foot", get("m").scale(1200/3937.)); // exact
pn("US survey yard", get("US survey foot").scale(3)); // exact
pn("US survey mile", get("US survey foot").scale(5280)); // exact
pn("rod", get("US survey foot").scale(16.5)); // exact
pn("furlong", get("US survey foot").scale(660)); // exact
pn("fathom", get("US survey foot").scale(6)); // exact
px("US survey feet", "US survey foot");
pn("US statute mile", "US survey mile");
pn("pole", "rod");
px("perch", "rod");
px("perches", "perch");
// International foot stuff:
px("international inch", get("m").scale(.0254)); // exact
px("international foot", get("international inch").scale(12));
// exact
pn("international yard", get("international foot").scale(3));
// exact
pn("international mile", get("international foot").scale(5280));
// exact
px("international inches", "international inch"); // alias
px("international feet", "international foot"); // alias
// Alias unspecified units to the international units:
px("inch", "international inch"); // alias
px("foot", "international foot"); // alias
pn("yard", "international yard"); // alias
pn("mile", "international mile"); // alias
// The following should hold regardless:
px("inches", "inch"); // alias
ps("in", "inches"); // alias
px("feet", "foot"); // alias
ps("ft", "feet"); // alias
ps("yd", "yard"); // alias
ps("mi", "mile"); // alias
pn("chain", get("m").scale(2.011684e1));
pn("pica", get("printers point").scale(12)); // exact
pn("printers pica", "pica");
pn("astronomicalunit", "au");
ps("astronomical unit", "au");
px("asu", "au");
pn("nmile", "nautical mile");
ps("nmi", "nautical mile");
pn("big point", get("inch").scale(1./72)); // exact
pn("barleycorn", get("inch").scale(1./3));
pn("arpentlin", get("foot").scale(191.835));
/*
* UNITS OF TIME
*/
/*
* Interval between 2 successive passages of sun through vernal equinox
* (365.242198781 days -- see
* http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/pubinfo/leaflets/,
* http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA/
* and http://adswww.colorado.edu/adswww/astro coord.html):
*/
pn("year", get("s").scale(3.15569259747e7));
ps("d", get("s").scale(8.64e4)); // exact
ps("h", get("s").scale(3.6e3)); // exact
ps("min", get("s").scale(60)); // exact
pn("shake", get("s").scale(1e-8)); // exact
pn("sidereal day", get("s").scale(8.616409e4));
pn("sidereal hour", get("s").scale(3.590170e3));
pn("sidereal minute", get("s").scale(5.983617e1));
pn("sidereal second", get("s").scale(0.9972696));
pn("sidereal year", get("s").scale(3.155815e7));
pn("day", "d");
pn("hour", "h");
pn("minute", "min");
pn("sec", "s"); // avoid
pn("lunar month", get("d").scale(29.530589));
pn("common year", get("d").scale(365));
// exact: 153600e7 seconds
pn("leap year", get("d").scale(366)); // exact
pn("Julian year", get("d").scale(365.25)); // exact
pn("Gregorian year", get("d").scale(365.2425)); // exact
pn("tropical year", "year");
pn("sidereal month", get("d").scale(27.321661));
pn("tropical month", get("d").scale(27.321582));
pn("fortnight", get("d").scale(14));
pn("week", get("d").scale(7)); // exact
pn("jiffy", get("s").scale(1e-2)); // it's true
pn("eon", get("y").scale(1e9)); // fuzzy
pn("month", get("y").scale(1./12)); // on average
pn("tropical year", "year");
pn("yr", "year");
ps("a", "year"); // "anno"
px("ann", "year"); // "anno"
pn("hr", "h");
/*
* UNITS OF PLANE ANGLE
*/
pn("circle", get("radian").scale(2*Math.PI));
pn("deg", get("radian").scale(Math.PI/180.));
pn("'", get("deg").scale(1./60));
pn("\"", get("deg").scale(1./3600));
pn("grade", get("deg").scale(0.9)); // exact
pn("cycle", get("circle"));
pn("turn", "circle");
pn("revolution", "cycle");
px("gon", "grade");
pn("angular degree", "deg");
pn("angular minute", "'");
pn("angular second", "\"");
pn("arcdeg", "deg");
pn("degree", "deg");
pn("arcminute", "'");
px("mnt", "'");
pn("arcsecond", "\"");
// px("sec", "\""); // avoid
pn("arcmin", "'");
pn("arcsec", "\"");
px("degree true", get("deg"));
px("degrees true", get("deg"));
px("degrees north", get("deg"));
px("degrees east", get("deg"));
px("degrees south", get("degrees north").scale(-1));
px("degrees west", get("degrees east").scale(-1));
px("degree north", "degrees north");
px("degreeN", "degrees north");
px("degree N", "degrees north");
px("degreesN", "degrees north");
px("degrees N", "degrees north");
px("degree east", "degrees east");
px("degreeE", "degrees east");
px("degree E", "degrees east");
px("degreesE", "degrees east");
px("degrees E", "degrees east");
px("degree west", "degrees west");
px("degreeW", "degrees west");
px("degree W", "degrees west");
px("degreesW", "degrees west");
px("degrees W", "degrees west");
px("degree true", "degrees true");
px("degreeT", "degrees true");
px("degree T", "degrees true");
px("degreesT", "degrees true");
px("degrees T", "degrees true");
/*
* The following are derived units with special names. They are
* useful for defining other derived units.
*/
ps("Hz", get("second").pow(-1));
ps("N", get("kg").multiply(
get("m").divide(get("s").pow(2))));
ps("C", get("A").multiply(get("s")));
ps("lm", get("cd").multiply(get("sr")));
ps("Bq", get("Hz"));
// SI unit of activity of a radionuclide
px("standard free fall", get("m").divide(
get("s").pow(2)).scale(9.806650));
ps("Pa", get("N").divide(get("m").pow(2)));
ps("J", get("N").multiply(get("m")));
ps("lx", get("lm").divide(get("m").pow(2)));
pn("sphere", get("steradian").scale(4*Math.PI));
ps("W", get("J").divide(get("s")));
ps("Gy", get("J").divide(get("kg")));
// absorbed dose. derived unit
ps("Sv", get("J").divide(get("kg")));
// dose equivalent. derived unit
ps("V", get("W").divide(get("A")));
ps("F", get("C").divide(get("V")));
ps("Ohm", get("V").divide(get("A")));
ps("S", get("A").divide(get("V")));
ps("Wb", get("V").multiply(get("s")));
ps("T", get("Wb").divide(get("m").pow(2)));
ps("H", get("Wb").divide(get("A")));
pn("newton", "N");
pn("hertz", "Hz");
pn("watt", "W");
px("force", "standard free fall");
px("gravity", "standard free fall");
px("free fall", "standard free fall");
px("conventional mercury", get("gravity").multiply(
get("kg").divide(get("m").pow(3))).scale(13595.10));
px("mercury 0C", get("gravity").multiply(
get("kg").divide(get("m").pow(3))).scale(13595.1));
px("mercury 60F", get("gravity").multiply(
get("kg").divide(get("m").pow(3))).scale(13556.8));
px("conventional water",get("gravity").multiply(
get("kg").divide(get("m").pow(3))).scale(1000)); // exact
px("water 4C", get("gravity").multiply(
get("kg").divide(get("m").pow(3))).scale(999.972));
px("water 60F", get("gravity").multiply(
get("kg").divide(get("m").pow(3))).scale(999.001));
// ps("g", get("gravity"))); // approx. should be `local'.
// avoid.
px("mercury 32F", "mercury 0C");
px("water 39F", "water 4C"); // actually 39.2 degF
px("mercury", "conventional mercury");
px("water", "conventional water");
pn("farad", "F");
ps("Hg", "mercury");
px("H2O", "water");
/*
* The following are compound units: units whose definitions consist
* of two or more base units. They may now be defined in terms of the
* preceding units.
*/
/*
* ACCELERATION
*/
ps("Gal", get("m").divide(get("s").pow(2)).scale(1e-2));
// avoid "gal" (gallon)
px("gals", "Gal"); // avoid "gal" (gallon)
/*
* AREA
*/
pn("are", get("m").pow(2).scale(1e2)); // exact
pn("barn", get("m").pow(2).scale(1e-28)); // exact
pn("circular mil", get("m").pow(2).scale(5.067075e-10));
pn("darcy", get("m").pow(2).scale(
9.869233e-13)); // permeability of porous solids
pn("hectare", get("hectoare")); // exact
px("har", "hectare"); // exact
pn("acre", get("rod").pow(2).scale(160)); // exact
/*
* ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
*/
pn("abfarad", get("F").scale(1e9)); // exact
pn("abhenry", get("H").scale(1e-9)); // exact
pn("abmho", get("S").scale(1e9)); // exact
pn("abohm", get("Ohm").scale(1e-9)); // exact
pn("megohm", get("Ohm").scale(1e6)); // exact
pn("kilohm", get("Ohm").scale(1e3)); // exact
pn("abvolt", get("V").scale(1e-8)); // exact
ps("e", get("C").scale(1.60217733-19));
pn("chemical faraday", get("C").scale(9.64957e4));
pn("physical faraday", get("C").scale(9.65219e4));
pn("C12 faraday", get("C").scale(9.648531e4));
pn("gamma", get("nT")); // exact
pn("gauss", get("T").scale(1e-4)); // exact
pn("maxwell", get("Wb").scale(1e-8)); // exact
ps("Oe", get("A").divide(get("m")).scale(7.957747e1));
pn("statcoulomb", get("C").scale(3.335640e-10));
pn("statfarad", get("F").scale(1.112650e-12));
pn("stathenry", get("H").scale(8.987554e11));
pn("statmho", get("S").scale(1.112650e-12));
pn("statohm", get("Ohm").scale(8.987554e11));
pn("statvolt", get("V").scale(2.997925e2));
pn("unit pole", get("Wb").scale(1.256637e-7));
pn("henry", "H");
pn("siemens", "S");
pn("ohm", "Ohm");
pn("tesla", "T");
pn("volt", "V");
pn("weber", "Wb");
pn("mho", "siemens");
pn("oersted", "Oe");
pn("faraday", "C12 faraday"); // charge of 1 mole of electrons
pn("coulomb", "C");
/*
* ENERGY (INCLUDES WORK)
*/
ps("eV", get("J").scale(1.602177e-19));
ps("bev", get("eV").scale(1e9));
pn("erg", get("J").scale(1e-7)); // exact
pn("IT Btu", get("J").scale(1.05505585262e3)); // exact
pn("EC therm", get("J").scale(1.05506e8)); // exact
pn("thermochemical calorie",
get("J").scale(4.184000)); // exact
pn("IT calorie", get("J").scale(4.1868)); // exact
px("ton TNT", get("J").scale(4.184e9));
pn("US therm", get("J").scale(1.054804e8)); // exact
ps("Wh", get("W").multiply(get("h")));
pn("joule", "J");
pn("therm", "US therm");
pn("watthour", "Wh");
ps("Btu", "IT Btu");
pn("calorie", "IT calorie");
pn("electronvolt", "eV");
pn("electron volt", "eV");
ps("thm", "therm");
ps("cal", "calorie");
/*
* FORCE
*/
pn("dyne", get("N").scale(1e-5)); // exact
pn("pond", get("N").scale(9.806650e-3)); // exact
px("force kilogram", get("N").scale(9.806650)); // exact
px("force gram", get("N").scale(9.806650e-3)); // exact
px("force ounce", get("N").scale(2.780139e-1));
px("force pound", get("N").scale(4.4482216152605)); // exact
pn("poundal", get("N").scale(1.382550e-1));
pn("force ton", get("force pound").scale(2000)); // exact
ps("gf", "force gram");
ps("lbf", "force pound");
px("ounce force", "force ounce");
px("kilogram force", "force kilogram");
px("pound force", "force pound");
ps("ozf", "force ounce");
ps("kgf", "force kilogram");
px("ton force", "force ton");
px("gram force", "force gram");
pn("kip", get("lbf").scale(1e3));
/*
* HEAT
*/
pn("clo", get("K").multiply(
get("m").pow(2).divide(get("W"))).scale(1.55e-1));
/*
* LIGHT
*/
pn("lumen", "lm");
pn("lux", "lx");
pn("footcandle", get("lux").scale(1.076391e-1));
pn("footlambert", get("cd").divide(
get("m").pow(2)).scale(3.426259));
pn("lambert", get("cd").divide(
get("m").pow(2)).scale(1e4/Math.PI)); // exact
pn("stilb", get("cd").divide(
get("m").pow(2)).scale(1e4));
pn("phot", get("lm").divide(
get("m").pow(2)).scale(1e4)); // exact
pn("nit", get("cd").multiply(
get("m").pow(2))); // exact
pn("langley", get("J").divide(
get("m").pow(2)).scale(4.184000e4)); // exact
pn("blondel", get("cd").divide(
get("m").pow(2)).scale(1./Math.PI));
pn("apostilb", "blondel");
ps("nt", "nit");
ps("ph", "phot");
ps("sb", "stilb");
/*
* MASS PER UNIT LENGTH
*/
pn("denier", get("kg").divide(get("m")).scale(1.111111e-7));
pn("tex", get("kg").divide(get("m")).scale(1e-6));
/*
* MASS PER UNIT TIME (INCLUDES FLOW)
*/
px("perm 0C", get("kg").divide(
get("Pa").multiply(get("s")).multiply(
get("m").pow(2))).scale(5.72135e-11));
px("perm 23C", get("kg").divide(
get("Pa").multiply(get("s")).multiply(
get("m").pow(2))).scale(5.74525e-11));
/*
* POWER
*/
ps("VA", get("V").multiply(get("A")));
pn("voltampere", "VA");
pn("boiler horsepower", get("W").scale(9.80950e3));
pn("shaft horsepower", get("W").scale(7.456999e2));
pn("metric horsepower", get("W").scale(7.35499));
pn("electric horsepower", get("W").scale(7.460000e2)); // exact
pn("water horsepower", get("W").scale(7.46043e2));
pn("UK horsepower", get("W").scale(7.4570e2));
pn("refrigeration ton", get("Btu").divide(get("h")).scale(12000));
pn("horsepower", "shaft horsepower");
pn("ton of refrigeration", "refrigeration ton");
ps("hp", "horsepower");
/*
* PRESSURE OR STRESS
*/
pn("bar", get("Pa").scale(1e5)); // exact
pn("standard atmosphere", get("Pa").scale(1.01325e5)); // exact
pn("technical atmosphere",
get("kg").multiply(get("gravity").divide(
get("m").scale(.01).pow(2))));
px("inch H2O 39F", get("inch").multiply(get("water 39F")));
px("inch H2O 60F", get("inch").multiply(get("water 60F")));
px("inch Hg 32F", get("inch").multiply(get("mercury 32F")));
px("inch Hg 60F", get("inch").multiply(get("mercury 60F")));
px("mm Hg 0C", get("m").scale(1e-3).multiply(
get("mercury 0C")));
ps("cmHg", get("m").scale(1e-2).multiply(get("Hg")));
ps("cmH2O", get("m").scale(1e-2).multiply(get("water")));
px("inch Hg", get("inch").multiply(get("Hg")));
px("torr", get("m").scale(1e-3).multiply(get("Hg")));
px("foot H2O", get("foot").multiply(get("water")));
ps("psi", get("pound").multiply(
get("gravity").divide(get("inch").pow(2))));
ps("ksi", get("kip").divide(get("inch").pow(2)));
pn("barie", get("N").divide(get("m").pow(2)).scale(0.1));
px("footH2O", "foot H2O");
ps("ftH2O", "foot H2O");
pn("millimeter Hg", "torr");
px("mm Hg", "torr");
px("mm Hg", "torr");
pn("pascal", "Pa");
px("pal", "Pa");
ps("inHg", "inch Hg");
px("in Hg", "inch Hg");
ps("at", "technical atmosphere");
pn("atmosphere", "standard atmosphere");
ps("atm", "standard atmosphere");
pn("barye", "barie");
/*
* RADIATION UNITS
*/
ps("Ci", get("Bq").scale(3.7e10)); // exact
pn("rem", get("Sv").scale(1e-2)); // exact dose equivalent
ps("rd", get("Gy").scale(1e-2)); // absorbed dose. exact.
// use instead of "rad"
ps("R", get("C").divide(get("kg")).scale(2.58e-4));
ps("gray", "Gy");
px("sie", "Sv");
pn("becquerel", "Bq");
px("rads", "rd"); // avoid "rad" (radian)
pn("roentgen", "R");
pn("curie", "Ci");
/*
* VELOCITY (INCLUDES SPEED)
*/
ps("c", get("m").divide(
get("s")).scale(2.997925e+8));
pn("kt", get("nautical mile").divide(get("h")));
px("knot international", "kt");
px("international knot", "kt");
pn("knot", "kt");
/*
* VISCOSITY
*/
ps("P", get("Pa").multiply(get("s")).scale(1e-1));
// exact
ps("St", get("m").pow(2).divide(get("s")).scale(1e-4));
// exact
ps("rhe", get("Pa").multiply(get("s")).pow(-1).scale(10));
pn("poise", "P");
pn("stokes", "St");
/*
* VOLUME (INCLUDES CAPACITY)
*/
px("acre feet", get("m").pow(3).scale(1.233489e3));
// but `acre foot' is 1233.4867714897 m^3. Odd.
px("board feet", get("m").pow(3).scale(2.359737e-3));
pn("bushel", get("m").pow(3).scale(3.523907e-2));
pn("UK liquid gallon", get("m").pow(3).scale(4.546090e-3)); // exact
pn("Canadian liquid gallon",
get("m").pow(3).scale(4.546090e-3)); // exact
pn("US dry gallon", get("m").pow(3).scale(4.404884e-3));
pn("US liquid gallon", get("m").pow(3).scale(3.785412e-3));
ps("cc", get("m").scale(.01).pow(3));
pn("liter", get("m").pow(3).scale(1e-3));
// exact. However, from 1901 to 1964, 1 liter = 1.000028 dm3
pn("stere", get("m").pow(3)); // exact
pn("register ton", get("m").pow(3).scale(2.831685));
pn("US dry quart", get("US dry gallon").scale(1./4));
pn("US dry pint", get("US dry gallon").scale(1./8));
pn("US liquid quart", get("US liquid gallon").scale(1./4));
pn("US liquid pint", get("US liquid gallon").scale(1./8));
pn("US liquid cup", get("US liquid gallon").scale(1./16));
pn("US liquid gill", get("US liquid gallon").scale(1./32));
pn("US liquid ounce", get("US liquid gallon").scale(1./128));
pn("UK liquid quart", get("UK liquid gallon").scale(1./4));
pn("UK liquid pint", get("UK liquid gallon").scale(1./8));
pn("UK liquid cup", get("UK liquid gallon").scale(1./16));
pn("UK liquid gill", get("UK liquid gallon").scale(1./32));
pn("UK liquid ounce", get("UK liquid gallon").scale(1./160));
pn("US fluid ounce", "US liquid ounce");
pn("UK fluid ounce", "UK liquid ounce");
pn("liquid gallon", "US liquid gallon");
pn("fluid ounce", "US fluid ounce");
pn("dry quart", "US dry quart");
pn("dry pint", "US dry pint");
pn("liquid quart", get("liquid gallon").scale(1./4));
pn("liquid pint", get("liquid gallon").scale(1./8));
ps("bbl", get("US liquid gallon").scale(42));
// petroleum industry definition
ps("pt", get("liquid pint"));
pn("gallon", "liquid gallon");
pn("quart", "liquid quart");
pn("cup", get("liquid gallon").scale(1./16));
pn("gill", get("liquid gallon").scale(1./32));
pn("tablespoon", get("US fluid ounce").scale(0.5));
pn("teaspoon", get("tablespoon").scale(1./3));
pn("peck", get("bushel").scale(1./4));
px("acre foot", "acre feet");
px("board foot", "board feet");
pn("barrel", "bbl");
ps("gal", get("gallon")); // "gal" is also
// (unused) acceleration unit
ps("oz", "fluid ounce");
px("floz", "fluid ounce");
pn("Tbl", "tablespoon");
ps("Tbsp", "tablespoon");
ps("tbsp", "tablespoon");
ps("Tblsp", "tablespoon");
ps("tblsp", "tablespoon");
pn("litre", "liter");
ps("L", "liter");
ps("l", "liter");
px("tsp", "teaspoon");
ps("pk", "peck");
ps("bu", "bushel");
ps("fldr", get("floz").scale(1./8));
ps("dr", get("floz").scale(1./16));
pn("firkin", get("bbl").scale(1./4));
// exact but "barrel" is vague
pn("pint", "pt");
ps("dram", "dr");
/*
* VOLUME PER UNIT TIME
*/
pn("sverdrup", get("m").pow(3).scale(1e6).
divide(get("s"))); // oceanographic flow
/*
* COMPUTERS AND COMMUNICATION
*/
pn("bit", new ScaledUnit(1)); // unit of information
ps("Bd", get("Hz"));
ps("bps", get("Hz"));
ps("cps", get("cycle").divide(get("s")));
ps("b", "bit");
pn("baud", "Bd");
/*
* MISC
*/
pn("kayser", get("m").pow(-1).scale(1e2)); // exact
ps("rps", get("revolution").divide(get("s")));
ps("rpm", get("revolution").divide(get("min")));
px("geopotential", get("gravity"));
pn("work year", get("hours").scale(2056));
pn("work month", get("work year").scale(1./12));
pn("count", "");
ps("gp", "geopotential");
px("dynamic", "geopotential");
ps("gpm", get("geopotential").multiply(get("meter")));
}
/**
* Gets an instance of this class.
*
* This is the only way to obtain an instance of this class.
*
* @throws UnitException Something went wrong in generating the singleton
* instance of the database. This should not occur
* and indicates an internal inconsistancy.
*/
public static UnitsDB
instance()
throws UnitException
{
if (db == null)
{
synchronized(DefaultUnitsDB.class)
{
if (db == null)
db = new DefaultUnitsDB();
}
}
return db;
}
/**
* Get a unit.
*
* @param name The name of the unit to be retrieved. It may be
* the plural form (e.g. "yards"). If an entry in the
* database corresponding to the complete name is not
* found and the given name ends with an `s', then a
* search will be made for the singular form (e.g.
* "yard"). The matching entry will be returned only if
* the entry permits a plural form. The entry may also
* have one or more SI prefixes (e.g. "mega", "M").
* @return The appropriate unit or <code>null</code>. The unit
* will account for any SI prefixes in the name.
* @require The argument is non-<code>null</code>.
*/
public Unit
get(String name)
{
Unit unit = super.get(name);
if (unit == null)
{
//System.out.println("Entry \"" + name + "\" not found");
/*
* No entry by that name (including any possible plural form).
*/
/*
* Strip prefix.
*/
Prefixer prefixer = new Prefixer(name);
if (prefixer.stripPrefix(prefixNames, prefixSymbols))
{
//System.out.println("Prefix found");
//System.out.println("Looking for \"" + prefixer.getString() +
//"\"");
/*
* Prefix found. Recurse on the rest of the string.
*/
if ((unit = get(prefixer.getString())) != null)
{
try
{
unit = unit.scale(prefixer.getValue());
}
catch (UnitException e)
{
unit = null;
}
}
}
}
return unit;
}
/**
* Adds a symbol to the database for a unit already in the database.
*/
protected void
ps(String symbol, String unitID)
{
putSymbol(symbol, super.get(unitID));
}
/**
* Adds a symbol and a new unit to the database.
* @throws UnitException
*/
protected void
ps(String symbol, Unit unit)
throws UnitException
{
putSymbol(symbol, unit.clone(symbol));
}
/**
* Adds a name, the plural form of the name, and a new unit to the database.
* @throws UnitException
*/
protected void
pn(String name, Unit unit)
throws UnitException
{
unit = unit.clone(name);
putName(name, unit);
putName(makePlural(name), unit);
}
/**
* Adds a name and it's regular plural form to the database for a unit
* that's already in the database.
*/
protected void
pn(String name, String unitID)
{
Unit unit = super.get(unitID);
putName(name, unit);
putName(makePlural(name), unit);
}
/**
* Adds a name that has no plural form and a new unit to the database.
* @throws UnitException
*/
protected void
px(String name, Unit unit)
throws UnitException
{
putName(name, unit.clone(name));
}
/**
* Adds a name that has no plural form to the database for a unit
* that's already in the database.
*/
protected void
px(String name, String unitID)
{
putName(name, super.get(unitID));
}
/**
* Inner (helper) class for parsing unit prefixes.
*/
protected class
Prefixer
{
/**
* The string being parsed.
*/
protected final String string;
/**
* The current position within the string.
*/
protected int pos;
/**
* The current value of the prefix.
*/
protected double value;
/**
* Construct.
*/
protected
Prefixer(String string)
{
this.string = string;
this.pos = 0;
this.value = 1;
}
/**
* Strip leading prefix from the string.
*/
protected boolean
stripPrefix(UnitPrefix[] names, UnitPrefix[] symbols)
{
/*
* Perform a case-insensitive search on the names.
*/
for (int icur = 0; icur < names.length; ++icur)
{
UnitPrefix prefix = names[icur];
if (string.regionMatches(true, pos, prefix.name, 0,
prefix.name.length()))
{
value *= prefix.value;
pos += prefix.name.length();
return true;
}
}
/*
* Perform a case-sensitive search on the symbols.
*/
for (int icur = 0; icur < symbols.length; ++icur)
{
UnitPrefix prefix = symbols[icur];
if (string.startsWith(prefix.name, pos))
{
value *= prefix.value;
pos += prefix.name.length();
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Indicate whether or not the beginning of the remainder of the
* string is less than a prefix.
*/
protected boolean
isLessThan(UnitPrefix prefix)
{
int icomp = 1;
int n = Math.min(prefix.name.length(), string.length()-pos);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
{
icomp = Character.getNumericValue(string.charAt(pos+i)) -
Character.getNumericValue(prefix.name.charAt(i));
if (icomp != 0)
break;
}
//System.out.println(string.substring(pos) +
//(icomp < 0 ? " < " : " >= ") + prefix.name);
return icomp < 0;
}
/**
* Return the current, remaining string.
*/
protected String
getString()
{
return string.substring(pos);
}
/**
* Return the current prefix value.
*/
protected double
getValue()
{
return value;
}
}
/**
* Test this class.
* @exception java.lang.Exception A problem occurred.
*/
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception
{
UnitsDB db = DefaultUnitsDB.instance();
System.out.println("% = " + db.get("%"));
System.out.println("abampere = " + db.get("abampere"));
System.out.println("firkin = " + db.get("firkin"));
System.out.println("MiCrOmEgAfirkin = " + db.get("MiCrOmEgAfirkin"));
System.out.println("celsius = " + db.get("celsius"));
System.out.println("fahrenheit = " + db.get("fahrenheit"));
System.out.println("m = " + db.get("m"));
System.out.println("mm = " + db.get("mm"));
System.out.println("dam = " + db.get("dam"));
System.out.println("million = " + db.get("million"));
System.out.println("pascal = " + db.get("pascal"));
System.out.println("Tperm_0C = " + db.get("Tperm_0C"));
System.out.println("MILLIpoundal = " + db.get("MILLIpoundal"));
System.out.println("");
db.list();
}
}
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